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- $Unique_ID{BRK03889}
- $Pretitle{}
- $Title{Joubert Syndrome}
- $Subject{Joubert Syndrome Cerebellarparenchymal Disorder IV Cerebellar Vermis
- Aplasia Cerebellar Vermis Agenesis-Neurological Abnormalities Cerebellar
- Vermis Aplasia Cerebelloparenchymal Disorder IV Familial Chorireninal
- Coloboma-Joubert Syndrome Hyperpnea, Episodic-Abnormal Eye
- Movement-Ataxia-Retardation Joubert-Bolthauser Syndrome Kidneys,
- Cystic-Retinal Aplasia Joubert Syndrome Vermis Cerebellar Agenesis
- Polydactyly-Joubert Syndrome Retinal Aplastic-Cystic Kidneys-Joubert Syndrome
- Vermis Aplasia Vermis Cerebellar Agenesis Dandy Walker Syndrome Leber's
- Congenital Amaurosis Hydrocephalus }
- $Volume{}
- $Log{}
-
- Copyright (C) 1986, 1988, 1990, 1992 National Organization for Rare
- Disorders, Inc.
-
- 20:
- Joubert Syndrome
-
- ** IMPORTANT **
- It is possible that the main title of the article (Joubert Syndrome) is
- not the name you expected. Please check the SYNONYMS listing to find the
- alternate name and disorder subdivisions covered by this article.
-
- Synonyms
-
- Cerebellarparenchymal Disorder IV
- Cerebellar Vermis Aplasia
- Cerebellar Vermis Agenesis-Neurological Abnormalities
- Cerebellar Vermis Aplasia
- Cerebelloparenchymal Disorder IV Familial
- Chorireninal Coloboma-Joubert Syndrome
- Hyperpnea, Episodic-Abnormal Eye Movement-Ataxia-Retardation
- Joubert-Bolthauser Syndrome
- Kidneys, Cystic-Retinal Aplasia Joubert Syndrome
- Vermis Cerebellar Agenesis
- Polydactyly-Joubert Syndrome
- Retinal Aplastic-Cystic Kidneys-Joubert Syndrome
- Vermis Aplasia
- Vermis Cerebellar Agenesis
-
- Information on the following diseases can be found in the Related
- Disorders section of this report:
-
- Dandy Walker Syndrome
- Leber's Congenital Amaurosis
- Hydrocephalus
-
- General Discussion
-
- ** REMINDER **
- The Information contained in the Rare Disease Database is provided for
- educational purposes only. It should not be used for diagnostic or treatment
- purposes. If you wish to obtain more information about this disorder, please
- contact your personal physician and/or the agencies listed in the "Resources"
- section of this report.
-
-
- Joubert Syndrome is a very rare neurological disorder involving a
- malformation of the area of the brain that controls balance and coordination.
- Generally motor activity is slowed (psychomotor retardation) and there are
- abnormal eye movements. Respiratory irregularities, including rapid panting,
- may occur during infancy.
-
- Symptoms
-
- Joubert Syndrome is characterized by periods of cessation of breathing during
- sleep (sleep apnea). Periods of deep, abnormal breathing are common in
- infants and may be triggered by emotional stimulation such as crying.
- Unusually deep inhalations also occur. These respiratory irregularities
- generally decrease as the infant gets older.
-
- Abnormal eye movements such as irregular jerking, eye rolling or crossing
- of the eyes may be present. Impaired coordination of movement and walking
- (ataxia), and difficulty in controlling the range of voluntary movement
- (dysmetria) are characteristic of Joubert Syndrome. Tremors may also be
- observed. Muscle weakness may be accompanied by clumsy or rapid alternating
- movements. Mental retardation may also occur.
-
- Causes
-
- The exact cause of Joubert Syndrome is not known. This disorder may be
- inherited as an autosomal recessive trait. Human traits, including the
- classic genetic diseases, are the product of the interaction of two genes,
- one received from the father and one from the mother. In recessive
- disorders, the condition does not appear unless a person inherits the same
- defective gene for the same trait from each parent. If one receives one
- normal gene and one gene for the disease, the person will be a carrier for
- the disease, but usually will not show symptoms. The risk of transmitting
- the disease to the children of a couple, both of whom are carriers for a
- recessive disorder, is twenty-five percent. Fifty percent of their children
- will be carriers, but healthy as described above. Twenty-five percent of
- their children will receive both normal genes, one from each parent, and will
- be genetically normal.
-
- Affected Population
-
- Joubert Syndrome is extremely rare and generally appears during infancy. It
- is estimated that only 10 cases occur each year in the United States. Both
- males and females can be affected, and the disorder can occur more than once
- in the same family.
-
- Related Disorders
-
- Symptoms of the following disorders can be similar to those of Joubert
- Syndrome. Comparisons may be useful for a differential diagnosis:
-
- Dandy-Walker Syndrome is a rare inherited disorder that is characterized
- by congenital hydrocephalus that is an accumulation of fluid in the brain and
- an increase of pressure within the skull. This swelling of the head is
- generally accompanied by headaches, visual disturbances that come and go and
- swelling of the eyes (papilledema). (For more information, choose "Dandy
- Walker" as your search term in the Rare Disease Database.)
-
- Leber's Congenital Amaurosis (LCA) is a rare inherited disorder that
- affects the eyes. Infants are born without the cells that gather light in
- the retina of the eye. It is characterized by blindness at birth, roving eye
- movements and pupils that react poorly to light and dilate widely in
- darkness. Often the eyes are deeply set and the infant will rub the eyes to
- stimulate the retina to produce light (oculodigital stimulation). This
- disorder is frequently associated with a family history of loss of eye muscle
- coordination. (For more information on this disorder, choose "Leber's
- Congenital Amaurosis" as your search term in the Rare Disease Database.)
-
- Hydrocephalus is a condition in which enlarged (dilated) cerebral
- ventricles in the brain restrict the normal flow of cerebrospinal fluid
- (CSF). The cerebrospinal fluid accumulates in the skull and puts pressure on
- the brain tissue. The characteristic features in children include an
- enlarged head, a bulging forehead, a thin transparent scalp and a downward
- gaze. Other symptoms may include convulsions, abnormal reflexes, a slowed
- heartbeat and respiratory rate, headache and visual problems. (For more
- information on this disorder, choose "Hydrocephalus" as your search term in
- the Rare Disease Database.)
-
- Therapies: Standard
-
- The treatment for Joubert Syndrome is symptomatic and supportive. Special
- education services and physical therapy may be of benefit to children with
- this disorder. When hydrocephalus occurs, a shunt may be recommended to
- facilitate the drainage of fluid from the brain.
-
- Genetic counseling may be of benefit for Joubert Syndrome families.
-
- Therapies: Investigational
-
- Research on birth defects and their causes is ongoing. The National
- Institutes of Health (NIH) is sponsoring the Human Genome Project that is
- aimed at mapping every gene in the human body and learning why they sometimes
- malfunction. It is hoped that this new knowledge will lead to prevention and
- treatment of genetic disorders in the future.
-
- This disease entry is based upon medical information available through
- September 1992. Since NORD's resources are limited, it is not possible to
- keep every entry in the Rare Disease Database completely current and
- accurate. Please check with the agencies listed in the Resources section for
- the most current information about this disorder.
-
- Resources
-
- For more information on Joubert Syndrome, please contact:
-
- National Organization for Rare Disorders (NORD)
- P.O. Box 8923
- New Fairfield, CT 06812-1783
- (203) 746-6518
-
- Joubert's Syndrome Parents in Touch Network
- 12348 Summer Meadow Road
- Rock, MI 49880
- (906) 359-4707
-
- Joubert Syndrome
- 5636 Secor Rd, #11
- Toledo, OH 43627
-
- NIH/National Institute of Neurological Disorders & Stroke (NINDS)
- 9000 Rockville Pike
- Bethesda, MD 20892
- (301) 496-5751
- (800) 352-9424
-
- Children's Brain Diseases Foundation for Research
- 350 Parnassus, Suite 900
- San Francisco, CA 94117
- (415) 566-5402
- (415) 565-6259
-
- David B. Flannery, M.D., Director
- Division of Medical Genetics
- Department of Pediatrics
- BG-121
- Medical College of Georgia
- Augusta, GA 30912
- (404) 721-2809
-
- For Genetic Information and Genetic Counseling Referrals:
-
- March of Dimes Birth Defects Foundation
- 1275 Mamaroneck Avenue
- White Plains, NY 10605
- (914) 428-7100
-
- Alliance of Genetic Support Groups
- 35 Wisconsin Circle, Suite 440
- Chevy Chase, MD 20815
- (800) 336-GENE
- (301) 652-5553
-
- References
-
- MENDELIAN INHERITANCE IN MAN, 10th Ed.: Victor A. McKusick, Editor: Johns
- Hopkins University Press, 1992. Pp. 1487.
-
- BIRTH DEFECTS ENCYCLOPEDIA, Mary Louise Buyse, M.D., Editor-In-Chief;
- Blackwell Scientific Publications, 1990. Pp. 995-996.
-
- JOUBERT'S SYNDROME WITH RETINAL DYSPLASIA: NEONATAL TACHYPNOEA AS THE
- CLUE TO A GENETIC BRAIN-EYE MALFORMATION, M.D. King et al.; Arch Dis Child
- (August 1984; 59(8)): Pp. 709-718.
-
- DYSMORPHIC FEATURES OF JOUBERT SYNDROME, L.A. Squires et al.; Dysmorphol
- Clin Genet (May 1991; 5): Pp. 77-79.
-
- JOUBERT'S SYNDROME ASSOCIATED WITH CONGENITAL FIBROSIS AND HISTIDINEMA,
- R.E. Appleton et al.; Arch Neurol (May 1989; 46(5)): Pp. 579-582.
-
-